Part II Listening Comprehension
Section A
Conversation One
W: So,Mike,［1］you managed the innovation project at CucinTech.
M: I did,indeed.
W: Well,then.First,congratulations!［1］It seems to have been very successful.
M: Thanks.Yes.I really helped things turn around at CucinTech.
W: ［2］Was the revival in their fortunes entirely due to strategic innovation?
M: ［2］Yes,yes.I think it was.CucinTech was a company who were very much following the pack,doing what everyone else was doing,and getting rapidly left behind.I could see there was a lot of talent there,and some great potential,particularly in their product development.I just had to harness that somehow.
W: Was innovation at the core of the project?
M: Absolutely.If it doesn't sound like too much of a cliché,our world is constantly changing and it's changing quickly.［3］We need to be innovating constantly to keep up with this.Stand still,and you're lost.
W: No stopping to sniff the roses?
M: Well,I'll do that in my personal life.Sure.［3］But as a business strategy,I'm afraid there is no stopping.
W: What exactly is strategic innovation then?
M: Strategic innovation is the process of managing innovation,of making sure it takes place at all levels of the company and that is related to the company's overall strategy.
W: I see.
M: So,instead of innovation for innovation's sake and new products being created simply because the technology is there,the company culture must switch from these point-in-time innovations to a continuous pipeline of innovations from everywhere and everyone.
W: How did you align strategies throughout the company?
M: I soon became aware that campaigning is useless.People take no notice.Simply,it came about through good practice trickling down.This built consent.People could see it was the best way to work.
W: Does innovation on this scale really give a competitive advantage?
M: I'm certain of it,absolutely,especially if it's difficult for a competitor to copy.［4］The risk is of course that innovation may frequently lead to imitation.
W: But not if it's strategic?
M: Precisely.
W: Thanks for talking to us.
M: Sure.
1.What seems to have been very successful according to the woman speaker?
2.What did the company lack before the man's scheme was implemented?
3.What does the man say he should do in his business?
4.What does the man say is the risk of innovation?
1.A
【听前预测】
1.四项均为名词短语，推测该题可能以what开头提问。
2.两项均含有与CucinTech有关的内容（the project,technology），两项提到的内容与男士有关（the project the man managed,a new career）。
结论：该题考查的内容可能涉及某个公司的情况或男士的工作状况。听音时，需留意与男士工作和公司情况相关的语句。
【解析】对话开头，女士先说“你在CucinTech负责创新项目”，后来又说“这个项目似乎很成功”，由此可知A项符合对话内容。B项是利用对话中多次出现的innovation设置的干扰项；C、D两项在对话中均没有提及，故排除。
2.B
【听前预测】
1.四项均为名词短语，推测该题可能以what开头提问。
2.四项提到的内容均为公司发展的必备条件。
结论：该题很可能涉及某个公司发展的相关问题。听音时，需留意与公司发展状况相关的语句。
【解析】对话中，女士问："CucinTech命运的扭转完全归功于战略创新吗？”男士对此做出了肯定回答，并介绍了CucinTech公司之前的状况——随大流，重复别人的做法。由此可推断出，该公司缺少创新意识，故B项为正确答案。对话中男士提到"CucinTech有很多人才”，所以A项不是CucinTech所缺少的，故排除；对话中只提到CucinTech公司在产品研发上有巨大的潜力，但没有说其产品是否具有竞争力，故排除C项；D项在对话中没有提到，故排除。
3.C
【听前预测】
1.四项均以动词原形开头，可能考查某人或某公司的动作。
2.四项提到的内容均与公司谋求发展所需因素相关。
结论：该题可能考查某个公司谋求发展时所需要关注的事情。听音时，需留意与market,talent,innovate,competitors相关的语句。
【解析】对话中，男士在对公司战略发表看法时说：“我们需要不断地创新，从而跟上时代的步伐。停滞不前就会落后。”后面接着说：“但是作为公司战略，恐怕创新是无止境的。”由此可知，男士认为在工作时要不断地创新，故C项符合对话内容。对话中未提到有关“扩大市场”的内容，排除A项；对话中提到"CucinTech有很多人才”，但没有提到是否要“招聘更多人才”，排除B项；对话中仅仅提到创新容易被竞争对手模仿，但没有明确指出是否要留意竞争对手，故排除D项。
4.D
【听前预测】
1.四项均为名词短语，推测该题可能以what开头提问。
2.四项提到的内容均与公司遇到的困境相关（bankruptcy,difficulties,conflicts,imitation）。
结论：该题的考查内容可能涉及公司遇到的困难。听音时，需留意与bankruptcy,difficulties,conflicts,imitation相关的语句。
【解析】对话中，男士提到“创新的风险就是会经常被模仿”，因此，选项D与对话内容相符。其他三项在对话中均未提及，故排除。
Conversation Two
M: ［5］Today my guest is Dana Ivanovich,who has worked for the last 20 years as an interpreter.Dana,welcome.
W: Thank you.
M: Now,I'd like to begin by saying that I have on occasions used an interpreter myself as a foreign correspondent.［6］So I'm full of admiration for what you do.But I think your profession is sometimes underrated and many people think anyone who speaks more than one language can do it.
W: ［7］There aren't any interpreters I know who don't have professional qualifications and training.You only really get profession after many years in the job.
M: And am I right in saying you can divide what you do into two distinct methods: simultaneous and consecutive interpreting?
W: That's right.The techniques you use are different.And a lot of interpreters will say one is easier than the other,less stressful.
M: Simultaneous interpreting,putting someone's words into another language more or less as they speak,sounds to me like the more difficult.
W: Well,actually no.［8］Most people in the business would agree that consecutive interpreting is the more stressful.You have to wait for the speaker to deliver quite a chunk of language before you then put it into the second language,which puts your short-term memory under intense stress.
M: You make notes,I presume?
W: Absolutely.Anything like numbers,names,places have to be noted down,but the rest is never translated word for word.You have to find a way of summarizing it,so that the message is there.Turning every single word into the target language would put too much strain on the interpreter and slow down the whole process too much.
M: But with simultaneous interpreting,you start translating almost as soon as the other person starts speaking.You must have some preparation beforehand.
W: Well,hopefully,the speakers will let you have an outline of the topic a day or two in advance.You have a little time to do research,prepare technical expressions and so on.
5.What are the speakers mainly talking about?
6.What does the man think of Dana's profession?
7.What does Dana say about the interpreters she knows?
8.What do most interpreters think of consecutive interpreting?
5.A
【听前预测】
1.四项均为名词性短语。
2.两项提到的内容与职业相关（interpreter,professionals），其他两项提到的内容与某项工作的技巧方面的信息相关（proficiency,effective communication）。
结论：该题可能考查对话的主题，并且主题可能与工作相关。听音时，应重点关注各选项的关键词（ interpreter,stress,proficiency,effective communication），然后根据问题做出进一步的判断。
【解析】对话开头，男士提到“今天我请到的嘉宾是唐娜·伊万诺维奇，一位拥有20年工作经验的口译工作者”，接下来的内容都是围绕口译工作展开的，因此，选项A应是对话的主题。B项是对话中提到的具体内容，不是主要话题，所以排除；C项和D项在对话中均未提及，故排除。
6.B
【听前预测】
1.四项均为表示主观感受的形容词，可能会考查态度或看法。
2.四项均为褒义词，都具有积极意义。
结论：该题可能考查男士或女士对某项职业的看法或态度。听音时应重点关注与观点态度相关的语句。
【解析】对话中，男士提到“我非常钦佩您所做的工作”，因此，选项B与对话内容相符。其他三项均不是男士对女士工作的评价，故排除。
7.B
【听前预测】
1.四项均以they开头。
2.两项提到的内容与语言学习或语言水平测试相关（strong interest in language,language proficiency tests）。
3.三项提到的内容与某种能力或学习经验相关（professional qualifications,passed language proficiency tests,studied cross-cultural differences）。
结论：该题可能考查they具备的某种语言学习能力。听音时，应留意与能力相关的表达以及与选项的关键词相关的语句。
【解析】对话中，男士先提到“很多人认为任何会说超过一种语言的人都能做口译工作”，之后女士对此回应说：“我所认识的口译工作者都拥有专业资格并接受过培训。”也就是说，女士认为她所认识的同行都具备专业资质，所以选项B与对话内容相符。其他三项在对话中均未提及，故排除。
8.C
【听前预测】
1.四项均以it开头，且都包含表示比较的词汇。
2.四项均表示it的特征。
结论：该题应考查it的某种特性，同时会涉及与另一方的对比。听音时，应首先确定it所指代的事物，听到问题后，结合选项做出判断。
【解析】对话中女士提到“大多数本领域（口译）工作者都认同交替传译更有压力”，因此，选项C与对话内容相符。A项和B项在对话中没有提及，可排除；对话中提到“交替传译会让你的短期记忆面临巨大的压力”，而不是“长期记忆”，所以D项与对话内容相悖，故排除。
Section B
Passage One
【听力原文】
［9］Mothers have been warned for years that sleeping with their newborn infant is a bad idea,because it increases the risk that the baby might die unexpectedly during the night.［10］But now Israeli researchers are reporting that even sleeping in the same room can have negative consequences,not for the child,but for the mother.Mothers who slept in the same room as their infants,whether in the same bed or just the same room,had poorer sleep than mothers whose baby slept elsewhere in the house.They woke up more frequently,were awake approximately 20 minutes longer per night,and had shorter periods of uninterrupted sleep.These results held true even taking into account that many of the women in the study were breast-feeding their babies.Infants,on the other hand,didn't appear to have worse sleep whether they slept in the same or different room from their mothers.The researchers acknowledge that since the families they studied were all middle-class Israelis,it's possible the results would be different in different cultures.Lead author Lyati Sotski wrote in an email that the research team also didn't measure fathers' sleep,so it's possible that their sleep patterns could also be causing the sleep disruptions for mums.［11］Right now,to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome,the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that mothers not sleep in the same bed as their babies,but sleep in the same room.The Israeli study suggests that doing so may be best for the baby,but may take a toll on mum.
9.What is the long-held view about mothers' sleeping with new-born babies?
10.What do Israeli researchers' findings show?
11.What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend mothers do?
【整体预测】
快速浏览本部分的所有选项，根据mothers' health,infants' sleep,infants' death,mental distress以及多次出现的sleep patterns等可大致推断，本文与母亲和婴儿的睡眠以及健康有关；再根据sleep with their babies/infants,Sleep in the same room等可判断，本文也可能涉及母婴同房睡的问题。听音时需特别注意相关的内容，注重对短文细节信息的提取。
9.C
【解题思路】
1.四项均以It might开头。
2.四项描述的都是消极结果。
3.两项与mothers有关，两项与infants有关。
结论：本题考查的内容可以是一种看法、观点或某个结论，可能是文章的某个细节，也有可能是文章的主旨。听音时应将重点放在四个选项的关键信息上（affect mothers' health,disturb infants' sleep,increase the risk of infants' death,increase mothers' mental distress）。
【解析】文章开头指出，多年来妈妈们都被提醒不要与新生儿一起睡，因为这可能会增加婴儿夜间发生意外死亡的风险。由此可知C项正确。A项与D项在研究中均未提及；B项与研究结论刚好相反，因此均排除。
10.D
【解题思路】
1.四项都提到睡眠：asleep,sleep,Sleeping。
2.两项提到有宝宝的妈妈的睡眠问题。
3.一项提到妈妈的睡眠模式影响新生儿，一项提到与新生儿在一起睡影响妈妈。
结论：本题考查的内容应该是文中的细节，通过对选项的理解，可以进一步推断考查的是新生儿或者妈妈的睡眠问题。听音时应将重点放在与睡眠相关的描述上。
【解析】文中提到，以色列研究人员报告称，即使（和婴儿）睡在同一个房间也会引起不良后果，并不是对婴儿（有不良后果），而是对妈妈。因此D项正确。A项和C项文中没有提及，B项与以色列研究人员的报告内容相反，根据报告内容，妈妈们应该是缺乏睡眠，故排除这三项。
11.B
【解题思路】四项都是祈使句，且三项都与睡眠相关。
结论：本题考查的内容应该是某种做法，属于文章的细节。听音时应将重点放在提及需要采取某种做法或某种措施的信息上面。
【解析】文章最后提到：“现在，为了减少婴儿发生猝死的风险，美国儿科学会建议妈妈们不要和宝宝睡在同一张床上，而是睡在同一个房间。”所以B项正确。其他三项都不是美国儿科学会的建议，均不能选。
Passage Two
【听力原文】
［12］The US has already lost more than a third of the native languages that existed before European colonization and the remaining 192 are classed by UNESCO as ranging between unsafe and extinct.［13］"We need more funding and more effort to return these languages to everyday use,"says Fred Nawusky of the National Museum of the American Indian."We are making progress,but money needs to be spent on revitalizing languages,not just documenting them.”Some 40 languages mainly in California and Oklahoma where thousands of Indians were forced to relocate in the 19th century have fewer than 10 native speakers.Part of the issue is that tribal groups themselves don't always believe their languages are endangered until they are down to the last handful of speakers."But progress is being made through emerging schools,because if you teach children when they are young,it will stay with them as adults and that's the future,"says Mr.Nawusky,a Comanche Indian.Such schools have become a model in Hawaii,but the islanders' local language is still classed by UNESCO as critically endangered because only 1,000 people speak it.［14］The decline in American Indian languages has its historical roots.In the mid-19th century,the US government adopted a policy of Americanizing Indian children by removing them from their homes and culture.Within a few generations,most had forgotten their native tongues.Another challenge to language survival is television.［15］It has brought English into homes,and pushed out traditional storytelling and family time together,accelerating the extinction of native languages.
12.What do we learn from the report?
13.For what purpose does Fred Nawusky appeal for more funding?
14.What is the historical cause of the decline in American Indian Languages?
15.What does the speaker say about television?
【整体预测】
快速浏览本部分所有选项，根据native languages,endangered languages,preserve,American Indians,extinction等词可大致推断，本文内容与语言相关，可能涉及对本土语言的保护，或对濒临消亡的语言的保护或美国印第安人的语言的消亡。听音时需特别注意相关的内容。
12.A
【解题思路】
1.四个选项都提到languages，其中两项说的都是native languages。
2.三个选项都提到US。
结论：本题考查的内容可能是某处细节，通过对选项内容的理解，可以推断与美国的本土语言有关。听音时应将重点放在与语言相关的信息上。
【解析】题目问的是从这篇报道中我们得知什么，属于对文章细节的考查。文章开头提到，在欧洲殖民统治之前存在的美国本土语言中，超过三分之一的语言都已经消失了，这与A项内容表述一致，因此是正确选项。B项文中没有提及；根据美国印第安人国家博物馆的弗雷德·努瓦斯基所说的，保护印第安语言的工作正在取得进展，而不是努力白费了，故C项不可选；弗雷德·努瓦斯基明确说，需要投入资金，使语言复兴而不仅仅是记载语言，因此D项也不可选。
13.D
【解题思路】四个选项都是不定式短语，且三项都提到language或languages。
结论：本题考查的内容可能是文中的某处细节，可能是做某件事的目的，听音时需注意与目的相关的信息。
【解析】文中提到弗雷德·努瓦斯基说，我们需要更多的资金和更大的努力来把这些语言恢复到日常使用的状态……还需要投入资金，使语言复兴而不仅仅是记载语言。因此D项正确。本题容易误选B项，听音时需注意documenting前面有not just，因此B项是错误的。
14.A
【解题思路】四个选项都是名词短语，都提到了Indian或Indians；两项提到了US government。
结论：本题考查的内容是文章的某处细节，可能与美国政府对印第安人或印第安语言的政策或态度有关。听音时需注意与此相关的信息。
【解析】文章后半部分提到，在19世纪中期，美国政府采取了一种通过把印第安儿童赶出其家园和其所在文化地区的方式来使他们美国化的政策，而这种政策导致印第安人逐渐忘记了他们的本土语言，这正是印第安语言衰落的历史根源。因此A项正确。
15.C
【解题思路】四个选项都以It开头，两项都提到了native languages。
结论：本题考查的仍是文章的某处细节，需要先弄清It所指的是什么，然后再确定It做了什么或与native languages的关系。
【解析】It指代的是电视。文章最后提到电视对语言衰落的消极影响：它把英语带到家庭中，而排挤掉了讲故事和家庭聚会的传统，从而加速了本土语言的消亡。因此C项正确。
Section C
Recording One
【听力原文】
W: Greg Rosen lost his job as a sales manager nearly three years ago and is still unemployed.
M:"It literally is like something in a dream to remember what it's like to actually be able to go out and put in a day's work and receive a day's pay.”
W: At first Rosen bought groceries and made house payments with the help from unemployment insurance.［16］It pays laid-off workers up to half of their previous wages while they look for work.But now,that insurance has run out for him and he has to make tough choices.He's cut back on medications and he no longer helps support his disabled mother.It is a devastating experience.New research says the US recession is now over.But many people remain unemployed and unemployed workers face difficult odds.There is literally only one job opening for every five unemployed workers,so four out of five unemployed workers have actually no chance of finding a new job.Businesses have downsized or shut down across America,leading fewer job opportunities for those in search of work.Experts who monitor unemployment statistics here in Bucks County,Pennsylvania say about 28,000 people are unemployed and many of them are jobless due to no fault of their own.That's where the Bucks County Careerlink comes in.
W: ［17］Local director Elizabeth Walsh says they provide training and guidance to help unemployed workers find local job opportunities."So here's the job opening.Here's the job seeker.Match them together under one roof,"she says.But the lack of work opportunities in Bucks County limits how much she can help.Rosen says he hopes Congress will take action.This month,he launched the Ninety-Niners Union,an umbrella organization of eighteen Internet-based grass roots groups of Ninety-Niners.Their goal is to convince lawmakers to extend unemployment benefits.But Pennsylvania State representative Scott Petri says governments simply do not have enough money to extend unemployment insurance.［18］He thinks the best way to help the long-term unemployed is to allow private citizens to invest in local companies that can create more jobs.But the boost in investor confidence needed for the plan to work will take time—time that Rosen says still requires him to buy food and make monthly mortgage payments.Rosen says he'll use the last of his savings to try to hang onto the home he worked for more than twenty years to buy.But once that money is gone,he says he doesn't know what he'll do.
16.How does unemployment insurance help the unemployed?
17.What is local director Elizabeth Walsh of the Bucks County Careerlink doing?
18.What does Pennsylvania State representative Scott Petri say is the best way to help the long-term unemployed?
【整体预测】
根据题干和选项中重复出现的unemployment和unemployed可以推断，录音内容可能与失业现象或失业者有关，再由选项信息推断，录音中可能还提及对失业者的帮助。
16.A
【解题思路】
1.四个选项都以it开头，且都是陈述性语句。两项含有their，两项含有them。本题应该是考查it对they的帮助，需要听清两者的指代对象。
2.三项含有与金钱或花费有关的表达（previous wages,mortgage payments and medical expenses,living expenses），推测本题考查的内容可能涉及某种花销。
【解析】本题问失业者如何通过失业保险获取帮助。录音开头部分就明确指出，在失业者找工作期间，失业保险可支付给他们的收入相当于他们以前工资的一半。这与选项A的说法一致，故A为正确答案。选项B中的数字99在录音中确实出现了，但是原文是说发起了99人联盟，并不是支付99周的贷款和医疗费用，故可排除B。其余两项录音中没有提及。
17.B
【解题思路】四项都是现在分词短语，所以本题应该是考查某人正在做的事，再由选项内容推断，这件事与帮助失业者有关。
【解析】本题问伊丽莎白·沃尔什正在做的事。录音内容中间部分提到：“伊丽莎白·沃尔什说，他们提供培训和指导，来帮助失业者寻找当地的就业机会。”这与选项B的说法一致，故B为正确答案。选项C是罗森发起的99人联盟组织要实现的目标。选项A和D录音中没有提及。
18.C
【解题思路】四项都以to开头，所以本题应该是考查做某事的目的或方式。两项含有them，需要听清其指代对象。
【解析】录音最后提到，斯科特·佩特里认为帮助长期失业者的最好办法是允许普通公民对能够创造更多就业岗位的当地公司进行投资，也就是说通过鼓励对当地企业的私人投资来创造更多的就业机会。故本题选C。其他三项录音中均未提及。
Recording Two
【听力原文】
W: ［19］Earlier this year,British explorer Pen Hadow and his team trekked for three months across the frozen Arctic Ocean,taking measurements and recording observations about the ice.
M:"Well,we've been led to believe that we would encounter a good proportion of this older,thicker,technically multi-year ice that's been around for a few years and just get thicker and thicker.We actually found there wasn't any multi-year ice at all.”
W: Satellite observations and submarine service over the past few years had shown less ice in the polar region.［20］But the recent measurements show the lost is more pronounced than previously thought.
M:"We are looking at roughly 80 percent loss of ice cover on the Arctic ocean in ten years,roughly ten years and 100 percent loss in nearly twenty years.”
W: ［21］Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams,who's been measuring and monitoring the Arctic since 1971,says the decline is irreversible.
M:"The more you lose,the more open water is created,the more warming goes on in that open water during the summer,the less ice forms in the winter,the more melt there is the following summer.It becomes a breakdown process where everything ends up accelerating until it's all gone.”
W: Martin Summercorn runs the Arctic program for the environmental charity the World Wildlife Fund.
M:"The Arctic sea ice holds a central position in the earth's climate system and it's deteriorating faster than expected.Actually,it has to translate into more urgency to deal with the climate change problem and reduce emissions.”
W: Summercorn says a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions blamed for global warming needs to come out of the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit in December.
M:"We have to basically achieve there—the commitment to deal with the problem now.That's the minimum.We have to do that equitably,and we have to find a commitment that is quick.”
W: Wadhams echoes the need for urgency.
M:"The carbon that we've put into the atmosphere keeps having a warming effect for 100 years.So we have to cut back rapidly now.Because it would take a long time to work its way through into our response by the atmosphere.We can't switch off global warming just by being good in future.We have to start being good now.”
W: ［22］Wadhams says there is no easy technological fix to climate change.He and other scientists say there are basically two options to replacing fossil fuels,generating energy with renewables or embracing nuclear power.
19.What did Pen Hadow and his team do in the Arctic Ocean?
20.What does the report say about the Arctic region?
21.What does Cambridge scientist Peter Wadhams say in his study?
22.How does Peter Wadhams view climate change?
【整体预测】
由选项中的sea water,the ocean floor,ice decrease,melting Arctic ice等词汇可以推断，录音内容应该与北冰洋的冰层减少现象有关，可能涉及这种现象的原因及解决措施。
19.D
【解题思路】
1.四项都以they开头，描述的都是过去发生的事情，所以推断出本题应该是考查they在过去做了什么，听音时要注意判断they的指代对象。
2.两项提到了海洋（sea,ocean），两项提到了水（water），判断本题考查内容与海洋有关。
【解析】本题问佩恩·哈多和他的团队在北冰洋做的事情。对话开头就提到：“今年早些时候，英国探险家佩恩·哈多和他的团队在冰封的北冰洋上长途跋涉了三个月，对冰进行测量并记录观测数据。”故选D。其他三项录音中均未提及，故排除。
20.D
【解题思路】四项中都提到了the ice，其中两项提到冰的消失或减少（ice disappears,ice decrease），可推断出本题考查的内容与冰的数量变化有关。
【解析】录音前半部分指出，最近的测量数据显示，极地地区冰数量的减少比人们之前想象的更加显著。D项中的decrease和evident分别对应原文中的lost和pronounced，故为正确答案。录音中提到，研究团队认为，在未来的大概十年间，北冰洋的冰层将减少大约80%，而不是说80%的冰在夏季消失，故排除A。选项B和C在录音中没有提及。
21.C
【解题思路】四项描述都与Arctic ice有关，听音时要重点关注各个选项的核心词（fresh water,coastal cities,irreversible和human survival）。
【解析】录音中间部分指出，剑桥的科学家彼得·沃德姆斯认为北极冰的减少是不可逆转的，故选C。其他三项在录音中均无法找到根据。
22.D
【解题思路】四项的描述均围绕it展开，要注意判断it的指代对象。
【解析】在录音的最后，沃德姆斯表示，并没有简单的技术补救措施来应对气候变化。这与选项D的说法一致，选项D中的technological solution对应录音中的technological fix。A项属于过度推断；B项在录音中并未提及；根据沃德姆斯所言，使用核能将是解决气候问题的方法之一，但气候变化能否推动核技术的发展不得而知，故C项也不正确。
Recording Three
【听力原文】
M: From a very early age,some children exhibit better self-control than others.Now,a new study that began with about 1,000 children in New Zealand has tracked ［23］how a child's low self-control can predict poor health,money troubles and even a criminal record in their adult years.Researchers have been studying this group of children for decades now.Some of their earliest observations have to do with the level of self-control the youngsters displayed.Parents,teachers,even the kids themselves,scored the youngsters on measures like"acting before thinking"and"persistence in reaching goals”.The children of the study are now adults in their thirties.Terrie Moffitt of Duke University and her research colleagues found that kids with self-control issues tended to grow up to become adults with a far more troubling set of issues to deal with.
W:"The children who had the lowest self-control when they were age 3 to 10,later on had the most health problems in their thirties,and they had the worst financial situation.And they were more likely to have a criminal record and to be raising a child as a single parent on a very low income.”
M: Speaking from New Zealand via Skype,Moffitt explained that self-control problems were widely observed and weren't just a feature of a small group of misbehaving kids.
W:"Even the children who had above-average self-control as pre-schoolers,could have benefited from more self-control training.They could have improved their financial situation and their physical and mental health situation 30 years later.”
M: So,children with minor self-control problems were likely as adults to have minor health problems,and so on.Moffitt said it's still unclear why some children have better self-control than others,though she says other researchers have found that it's mostly a learned behavior,with relatively little genetic influence.But good self-control can be set to run in families in that children who have good self-control are more likely to grow up to be healthy and prosperous parents.
W:"Whereas some of the low self-control study members are more likely to be single parents with a very low income and the parent is in poor health and likely to be a heavy substance abuser.So that's not a good atmosphere for a child.［24］So it looks as though self-control is something that in one generation can disadvantage the next generation.”
M: ［25］But the good news is that Moffitt says self-control can be taught by parents,and through school curricula that have proved to be effective.Terrie Moffitt's paper"On the Link Between Childhood Self-control and Adults' Status Decades Later"is published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
23.What is the new study about?
24.What does the study seem to show?
25.What does Moffitt say is the good news from their study?
【整体预测】
快速浏览各选项，根据self-control、children、single parent等词汇可知，讲话内容可能与儿童的自制力有关。
23.B
【解题思路】四个选项均为名词性短语，均出现了children，各项关键信息分别为：New Zealand children seem to have better self-control,self-control and their future success,health problems,academic performance。听音时应将重点放在与各个选项的关键词汇相关的内容上。
【解析】讲话开头提到：“新西兰一项起初以大约1000名儿童为试验对象的新研究跟踪了解了自制力差的儿童如何在成年之后面临健康和财务问题，甚至有犯罪记录。”之后具体阐述儿时自制力差和成年之后的健康、财务等状况之间的联系（relation）。故选B项。
24.D
【解题思路】四项均为陈述句，各项的关键词汇分别为：have a hard time in their thirties,single parent families,exercise self-control in front of their children,disadvantage for their children。听音时将重点放在与各个选项的关键词汇有关的内容上。
【解析】本题问的是该项研究的结果。讲话中提到，研究对象中一些自制力差的孩子更可能成为单亲家长，因此，自制力似乎可以代代影响。故选D项，其中a disadvantage for their children是对原文中disadvantage the next generation的同义替换。A、B两项是根据原文内容做出的主观推导，故排除。原文提到“自制力可以由父母培养”，但没有说父母必须在孩子面前进行自我控制，所以排除C。
25.A
【解题思路】四项均为以self-control开头的一般现在时的句子。本题应该考查的是self-control的性质或特点等内容。听音时应重点关注相关信息。
【解析】讲话的结尾部分提到，但好消息是，莫菲特说自制力可以由父母培养，而且可以通过学校的相关课程来习得，事实证明这些课程是有效的。故选A项，其中through education是对原文中taught by parents、through school curricula的同义概述。莫菲特解释道，自制力训练可以使孩子受益，30年后他们可以改善财务状况和身心健康状况，B项本身表述没有错误，但并非莫菲特指出的好消息，B项答非所问。C项跟原文表达的信息一致，但也不是莫菲特所说的好消息，故排除。D项与讲话内容不符，应排除。