第二章 新题型历年真题解析
2011年新题型真题
Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）
Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose“fat taxes”on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.
The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary,Andrew Lansley,who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.
But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools,restrict advertising of products high in fat,salt or sugar,and limit sponsorship of sports events by fastfood producers such as McDonald's.
They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease.Professor Terence Stephenson,president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health,said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.
“Thirty years ago,it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs,and yet that is what we have now.Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity? I would suggest that we should be,”said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.
Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead.He said that manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign,the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness.He has also criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how“lecturing”people was not the best way to change their behaviour.
Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat,salt or sugar before the 9 pm and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas.“If we were really bold,we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes—by setting strict limits on advertising,product placement and sponsorship of sports events,”he said.
Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's,which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association.Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements”such as toys,cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers,Stephenson said.
Professor Dinesh Bhugra,president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists,said:“If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth,and that some things can harm,at least information is available up front.”
He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones”around school and hospitals— areas within which takeaways cannot open.
A Department of Health spokesperson said:“We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer.This includes creating a new ‘responsibility deal'with business,built on social responsibility,not state regulation.Later this year,we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.”
The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves,especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.
41.Andrew Lansley held that
42.Terence Stephenson agreed that
43.Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that
44.Dinesh Bhugra suggested that
45.A Department of Health spokesperson proposed that
A.“fat taxes”should be imposed on fast-food producers such as McDonald's.
B.the government should ban fastfood outlets in the neighborhood of schools.
C.“lecturing”was an effective way to improve school lunches in England.
D.cigarette-style warnings should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet.
E.the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change 4 Life campaign.
F.parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.
G.the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.
答案解析
41.E 【解题思路】本题考查Andrew Lansley的观点。快速查找人名关键词Andrew Lansley可发现，文章第二段和第六段都提到了Lansley的观点。第二段指出Lansley坚持认为政府不能强迫民众做出健康选择，并承诺企业不受公共卫生条例制约。第六段第一句指出Lansley期望企业而不是政府率先行动起来。第二句进一步阐述了其观点，即薯片和糖果生产商能够在“为生命而改变”运动中起到核心作用，而这一运动是政府宣传健康饮食和健康体魄行动的亮点（...manufacturers of crisps and candies could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign...）。由此可知，Lansley认为薯片和糖果生产商应该起核心作用，为全民健康运动贡献力量。选项E与Lansley的观点相符，故为正确答案。
选项C中提及的“说教”的方式在第六段第三句中出现过，该句中Lansley批评Jamie Oliver的“说教”不是改变人们生活习惯的最好方式，故选项C的说法与Lansley的观点相反，可以排除。
42.D【解题思路】本题考查Terence Stephenson的观点。文章第四、第七和第八段都提到了Stephenson的观点。第四段第二句中Stephenson教授指出，应该把不健康食物的危害等同于吸烟或酗酒（...consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or excessive drinking.）。此外，第七段与第八段第二句还分别提到Stephenson建议对高热量食物的广告和体育赛事赞助等实施严格的限制，以及快餐连锁店应该停止送给年轻顾客“诱饵”式赠品。故综合来看，选项D与此相符，为答案。
43.C【解题思路】本题考查Jamie Oliver的观点。查找人名关键词Jamie Oliver可以定位至文章第六段。第六段第三句指出，Lansley批评名厨Jamie Oliver为改善英格兰学校的午餐所进行的高调尝试（...criticized the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England...），称其“说教”的方式并不是改变人们生活习惯的最佳方式（...was not the best way to change their behaviour.）。由此可以推知，Oliver可能会认为“说教”是改善英格兰学校午餐的有效途径。选项C与Oliver的观点相符，故为答案。
选项F看似有言传身教之意，但文章第六段第三句只说明Jamie Oliver尝试改善英格兰学校午餐是一种说教的方式，并未具体对其进行解释，故无法得知Jamie Oliver提倡的具体措施，选项F的内容也没有被提及，故可以排除。
44.B【解题思路】本题考查Dinesh Bhugra的建议。查找人名关键词Dinesh Bhugra可定位至文章第九段和第十段。第九段首先指出Dinesh Bhugra教授认为如果告诉孩子们食物对于他们成长的影响，以及有些食物会对他们的健康造成危害，那么至少他们已经预先了解到了相关的信息。第十段中又指出他敦促委员会在学校和医院周边实行“无快餐区域”，在这个区域内不能开设外卖餐馆（...urged councils to impose“fast-food-free zones”around school and hospitals—areas within which takeaways cannot open.）。选项B与Dinesh Bhugra的这一建议相符，故为答案。
45.G【解题思路】本题考查卫生部一名发言人的建议。根据关键词A Department of Health spokesperson定位至文章倒数第二段。该段第一句指出一名发言人提出，我们需要创造公共健康新愿景，全社会都能为健康长寿行动起来。这包括与企业创建新的“责任协议”，这个协议应建立在社会责任上，而非国家规定（This includes creating a new“responsibility deal”with business,built on social responsibility...）。也就是说，他认为政府应该加强企业的责任感，让其承担相应的社会责任。选项G与此相符，故为答案。
该发言人提出全社会都为健康长寿行动起来，虽然选项F强调的是家长的表率作用，也属于社会行动的一部分，但文中提到的发言人的观点只强调了企业的社会责任，并未说明家长的责任，故本题答案为选项G，而非选项F。
参考译文